Do you think that Muslim women need feminist theology?

Zara Faris: The very core of my view on this is that theology is studying the will of God. But feminism is not about studying the will of God. Rather it is more about studying the will of feminists and oftentimes imposing presupposed conclusions onto the study of God and the will of God. In short, I do not think that a feminist theology meets the purpose of studying the will of God.

But haven't feminist theologians like Amina Wadud or Asma Barlas made some important contributions to a modern understanding of the Koran? Doesn't your critique shut down their work?

Faris: I have actively engaged with the views of feminist theologians so I am not shutting them down, but after having studied them, I feel that they do not achieve the objective of theology. Feminists themselves claim that we should be critiquing one another. If this is what they say themselves, then it would be kind of contradictory or hypocritical to suggest that my critiquing of their work shuts down the debate. I think that, on the contrary, it opens it up even more.

Do you consider feminist theology to be a consistent voice?

Faris: No, not at all. Feminist theology – just as feminism – does not just have one strand. It is one of my main contentions with it that it has so many meanings. If it has so many multiplicities of meaning under the name of feminism, how are any of those categories or filters actually helpful? If it can mean any number of things, then how does it provide a solution to many of the problems that women face today? I say we need to understand what is revealed by the Creator about how we should live our lives, how we should resolve the issues that we have, how we should balance rights and duties amongst each other. If feminists have a hundred different ideas about this, how are they going to assist us in understanding how we are best supposed to organise and live our lives with each other?

Is there a specific way for women to read the Koran?

Faris: I would say that there is a human way of reading the Koran. Understanding scriptures requires intellect — something that both sexes possess. Different human beings have different experiences and different skills. It is just about the intellect, it is not about gender.

Even some of the feminist theologians take their teachings from male scholars if they support their views. For example, the female Koran commentator Aisha Abdel-Rahman, known as Bint al-Sati, was heavily influenced by Mohammed Abdou. Fatima Mernissi was also within the environment of two prominent male modernist scholars in her time as well.

But doesn't your gender contribute to your understanding of the Koran?

Faris: Your experience might, however that does not mean you should bring principles with you. When you are, for example, trying to interpret the Koran's take on a particular subject, you are trying to understand the principle in the Koran. Although you have different experiences, you are not going to bring your own principles about how it should be. Your experience may simply bring more information about the circumstances, which is very different to what feminist theology does. Feminist theology does not just bring information about these circumstances, it brings principles. So it defeats the purpose of understanding the principles in the Koran because you are bringing your own principles.

So for you, their approach is not acceptable?

Faris: Any time an exegete brings his or her own preconceived judgement about how Islam should be, than they have defeated the purpose of approaching Islam in the first place. If you already have your ideas about how things should be, just stick to those ideas. Why take them back to Islam unless you want to feel better about them? Any form of theology whatsoever that does that – be it feminism or be it any other 'ism – defeats the purpose. They do not achieve any objective they set out to do.

What is so disturbing about feminism?

Faris: Feminism is about stereotypes on how women should live. I do not think that feminists can disown those stereotypes, because all feminist ideas are part and parcel of feminism. Feminism is as feminism does. If activist groups like Femen justify their provocative approach as being feminist, there is nothing – no text, no canon to point to – to say it is not feminism.

Some might try to claim that Islam posits stereotypes as well, but the difference with Islam is that there is a normative text to point to to see what Islam truly posits. But with feminists like Femen, there is nothing to refer to for true practices. What I want to say is that people should not think that feminism is the only way to achieve social justice. They should not think, "if not feminism, then what?", as if there is no other option. Feminism does not have a monopoly on these things. Justice for women and men can be achieved by other means, without the need for feminism.

And what about the struggle for women's rights?

Faris: I am not questioning whether Muslim women are in need of liberation; it is plain to see the rampant social injustice that is faced by both women and men in the post-colonial Muslim world (and the West) today. Feminists should just not have a monopoly on it. Any time I speak out against feminist ideology, the lay understanding is that for some reason I am speaking out against women's rights, as if feminism is the sole cause for women's rights. Islam proposes solutions for ensuring women's safety, women's liberation, their rights and abilities to pursue different opportunities. When groups like Femen, or any feminist group, claim that monopoly, they paint an unjust picture of Islam and, therefore, many people feel the need to attach feminism to Islam. We need to empower justice itself rather than the rather sexist ideology of feminism.

Interview conducted by Claudia Mende

© Qantara.de 2014

This interview was edited on 20 January 2015

"Feminism is about stereotypes on how women should live"

إعادة تصور الأساطير بين البوب والإلكترو والصوفية

نساء غير محجبات يغزون أفلام إيران السينمائية

الحرب وتحول الدور الاجتماعي لليمنيات

مبادرة نساء لتعليم السلام

المدرسة لم تعد سوى ذكرى بعيدة في قطاع غزة

حياة نساء المعارضة الإيرانية في إيران وأمريكا